Stable blood glucose control is crucial for the health management of patients with type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM), as reflected in the following three aspects:
Daily healthStable blood glucose avoids discomfort caused by drastic fluctuations, such as dizziness, fatigue, and poor concentration. It helps patients maintain more energy for daily activities and achieve better appetite and sleep quality.
Treatment efficacyStable blood glucose prevents persistent damage to pancreatic β‑cell function from glucotoxicity, thus preserving residual islet function.
Long‑term complication riskStudies have shown that blood glucose fluctuations can induce oxidative stress and impair endothelial function, increasing the risk of diabetic microvascular and macrovascular complications. Therefore, stable glycemic control helps reduce the risk of complications.
Several core indicators are used to evaluate blood glucose stability:
Glycated hemoglobin (HbA1c)Reflects the average blood glucose level over 3 months. The general clinical target is below 7%.
Continuous Glucose Monitoring (CGM)‑related indicators
Time in Range (TIR): Percentage of time glucose stays within the target range of 3.9–10.0 mmol/L. The ideal target for T2DM patients is ≥70%.
Time Above Range (TAR): Percentage of time glucose exceeds 10.0 mmol/L.
Time Below Range (TBR): Percentage of time glucose is below 3.9 mmol/L.Other derived indicatorsInclude the glucose coefficient of variation (CV), largest amplitude of glycemic excursion (LAGE), mean amplitude of glycemic excursion (MAGE), and blood glucose standard deviation (SD).These indicators comprehensively reflect average glucose level, hyperglycemia, hypoglycemia, and glucose trends, providing solid evidence for evaluating blood glucose stability.