Risks, Emergency Treatment and Follow-Up Management of Hyperglycemia

I. Severity and Risks
When blood glucose reaches or exceeds 20 mmol/L, it may trigger a series of serious acute complications.Among them, diabetic ketoacidosis (DKA) and hyperosmolar hyperglycemic state (HHS) are particularly dangerous.DKA may lead to a characteristic fruity odor on the breath and increased ketones in the urine;HHS can cause severe dehydration, apathy, and even coma.These risks are especially prominent in the elderly and pregnant women and require high attention.
II. Emergency Treatment
In such an emergency, the first step is to seek medical attention immediately.Under the guidance of a doctor:

Intravenous fluid replacement to correct dehydration
Insulin therapy (intravenous or subcutaneous injection) to rapidly lower blood glucose
Close monitoring of electrolyte balance to maintain normal body functions

III. Follow-Up Management Recommendations
After the acute condition is controlled, ongoing management is equally important.
Lifestyle adjustments:

Diet: Choose low-sugar, low-fat foods; control staple food portions with a mix of coarse and refined grains; eat at least 500 g of vegetables daily; select low-sugar fruits.
Exercise: Moderate aerobic exercise such as brisk walking and Tai Chi helps stabilize blood glucose.
Note: Avoid intense exercise when blood glucose is extremely high.
Monitoring and medication: Monitor blood glucose regularly; use insulin or oral medications strictly as prescribed by a doctor. Do not stop medication without medical advice.

IV. Precautions
Extra caution is needed for special populations:

Pregnant women: Hyperglycemia may affect both maternal health and the fetus.
Elderly people: Declining physical function increases the risk of cerebrovascular events induced by hyperosmolar status.

Also, check for other causes of sudden blood glucose elevation, such as infection or side effects of medications.
If your blood glucose remains persistently high, be sure to consult an endocrinologist promptly.Only a professional doctor can develop an appropriate treatment plan based on your individual condition.Do not ignore warning signs from your body.Take timely action to protect your health — after all, health is the most precious treasure.