Thyroid hormones play a critical role in the maturation of the cerebral cortex, especially in the development, differentiation, and functional maturation of the fetal nervous system.Insufficient thyroid hormone during the fetal and neonatal periods can lead to intellectual disability, deafness, and cretinism; in children, it causes growth retardation; in adults, it results in memory loss […]
Category: diabetes diagnosis
Who Should Be Screened for Diabetes?
The prevalence of diabetes is increasing worldwide year by year. In developed countries, it has been listed as the third major disease following cardiovascular diseases and cancer. The greatest harm of diabetes lies in its various chronic complications, such as diabetic foot, diabetic nephropathy, diabetic retinopathy, and neuropathy, which have attracted great attention in the […]
Diabetic Patients with Good Vision Should Still Not Forget Eye Fundus Examinations
In clinical practice, most diabetic patients have some understanding of diabetic retinopathy. However, since early-stage fundus lesions present no obvious symptoms, and patients feel their eyesight is fine, they often overlook regular eye examinations. They only seek medical attention when vision becomes blurred, fundus hemorrhage occurs, or exudation affects the macula.Clinical studies have shown that […]
Elevated Urinary Microalbumin Does Not Equal Early Diabetic Nephropathy
Elevated urinary microalbumin is the most important objective indicator for diagnosing early diabetic nephropathy. However, in clinical practice, the author has found that under certain conditions, elevated urinary microalbumin does not equate to early diabetic nephropathy.Significance of Urinary Microalbumin Testing for Diabetic NephropathyUrinary microalbumin is not only a key marker for diagnosing early diabetic nephropathy […]
5 Recommendations for HbA1c Monitoring in Diabetic Patients
The number of patients with diabetes is increasing year by year, but diabetes still cannot be completely cured. For patients, the most ideal therapeutic effect is to strictly control blood glucose to reach the target level (close to or equal to that of healthy people), minimize the harm caused by diabetes and its various complications, […]
Diagnosis of Diabetic Peripheral Neuropathy
Clinical diagnosis of diabetic peripheral neuropathy (DPN) is mainly based on screening, evaluation, regular examination and follow-up. High-risk patients with long disease duration or microvascular complications (such as retinopathy, nephropathy) should be re-examined every 3–6 months.Patients with microvascular disease and DSPN symptoms require screening for autonomic neuropathy, especially cardiac autonomic neuropathy (CAN).CAN should also be […]
Methods and Risk Warnings for Angiographic Examinations in Diabetes
Long-term high blood glucose in diabetes can damage vascular endothelium, leading to arteriosclerosis, plaque formation, or microvascular disease.Through angiographic examinations (such as coronary angiography, lower extremity arteriography) or fundus fluorescein angiography, doctors can directly observe vascular morphology, blood flow status, and disease severity, and identify complications including myocardial infarction risk, lower extremity ischemia, or diabetic […]
Common Diabetes-Related Angiographic Examinations
Coronary Angiography:Examines whether the coronary arteries of the heart are narrowed or blocked. It is used to assess the risk of coronary artery disease in patients with diabetes and to determine whether interventional treatment (such as stent implantation) is needed.Lower Extremity Arteriography:Evaluates blood flow in the lower extremity arteries, diagnoses vascular lesions in diabetic foot, […]
Do Diabetics Need Angiography?
Whether a patient with diabetes needs angiography depends on their specific condition and a doctor’s evaluation. Not all diabetic patients require angiography, but it can be an important diagnostic tool when cardiovascular disease, kidney disease, or other complications are present.Diabetes can cause various vascular diseases, such as coronary artery stenosis, lower extremity arterial occlusion, or […]
Early Symptoms and Screening Items of Diabetic Stroke Complications
Diabetes is an independent risk factor for stroke, which can increase the risk of stroke several times. Stroke is one of the common complications in diabetic patients. Approximately 20% of diabetic patients die from stroke.Early symptoms of stroke include:Marked drowsiness, transient visual impairment or visual field defect, sudden vertigo, and weakness in walking.Screening items:Annual stroke […]