Long-term high blood glucose in diabetes can damage vascular endothelium, leading to arteriosclerosis, plaque formation, or microvascular disease.
Through angiographic examinations (such as coronary angiography, lower extremity arteriography) or fundus fluorescein angiography, doctors can directly observe vascular morphology, blood flow status, and disease severity, and identify complications including myocardial infarction risk, lower extremity ischemia, or diabetic retinopathy.
Before Angiographic Examination
Renal function assessment is required. Diabetic patients often have nephropathy, and contrast agents may increase renal burden.
Allergy history must be provided. Some contrast agents contain iodine, so pre-intervention is needed for those with allergies.
Blood glucose control: Blood glucose should be stabilized within a safe range before examination (usually fasting blood glucose ≤ 10 mmol/L).During Angiographic Examination
After local anesthesia, a contrast agent is injected into the target blood vessel via a catheter, and imaging is performed using X‑ray or optical equipment.Fundus fluorescein angiography is conducted in a dark room to capture dynamic images of the retina.
After Angiographic Examination
Monitor blood pressure, heart rate, and the puncture site. Some patients need hospital observation for several hours.
Drink plenty of water or receive intravenous fluids to accelerate contrast agent excretion and reduce the risk of kidney injury.
Monitor blood glucose closely within 24 hours after the examination to avoid stress-induced hyperglycemia or hypoglycemia.Potential Risk Warnings
Possible risks of angiographic examination include:
Contrast agent allergy (e.g., skin rash, difficulty breathing)
Contrast-induced nephropathy in patients with impaired renal function
Hematoma or infection at the vascular puncture site